Contents: ANC policy • Current sanctions • 1) Restrictions on IMF loans • 2) Ban on Export-Import Bank financing • 3) Ban on all exports to the military and police • 4) Ban on arms trade • 5) Ban on intelligence cooperation • Strengthening sanctions • Identifying a timetable • The document says at its July 1991 National Conference in Durban, the African National Congress adopted a resolution on sanctions which read, in part: . . . [S]anctions should continue to be used as a necessary form of pressure. The document says specified groups of sanctions should be used to achieve the strategic objectives listed below, each of which is critical to the process of transformation: A)...
Contents: ANC policy • Current sanctions • 1) Restrictions on IMF loans • 2) Ban on Export-Import Bank financing • 3) Ban on all exports to the military and police • 4) Ban on arms trade • 5) Ban on intelligence cooperation • Strengthening sanctions • Identifying a timetable • The document says at its July 1991 National Conference in Durban, the African National Congress adopted a resolution on sanctions which read, in part: . . . [S]anctions should continue to be used as a necessary form of pressure. The document says specified groups of sanctions should be used to achieve the strategic objectives listed below, each of which is critical to the process of transformation: A) The removal by the regime of the obstacles to negotiations as stipulated in the Harare and UN declarations, as well as the implementation of effective measures by Pretoria to end the violence; B) The installation of an interim government according to agreed transitional arrangements and modalities on the transition to a democratic order; C) The adoption of a democratic constitution and the holding of free and fair elections for a non-racial parliament and a representative government. The document says in the wake of President Bush's 10 July Executive Order, which prematurely terminated the sanctions imposed by the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 (CAAA), several important sanctions remain in effect. The document says in 1983, Congress amended the Bretton Woods Agreements Act (22 U.S.C. 286 aa) to prohibit U.S. support for the extension of credit facilities to any country engaging in apartheid; in 1978, Congress amended the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 (12 U.S.C. 635) to prohibit the Ex-Im Bank from underwriting a) any export which would contribute to the maintenance of apartheid; in 1985, Congress amended the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C.A. App. 2401 et seg.) to control U.S. exports to the South African police and military; the Export Administration Act expired at the end of 1990, but it was extended by Executive Order, pending Congressional action on a new law. The document says the United Stat es complies with the mandatory U.N. embargo on arms exports to South Africa and the U.N. prohibition on collaboration in the manufacture and development of South African nuclear weapons (SCR 418 of 4 November 1977); the United States also complies with a voluntary U.N. embargo on imports of South African arms (SCR 558 of 13 December 1984). The document says the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY87 prohibited US intelligence agencies from cooperating or sharing information with their South African counterparts; at present, each of these provisions (except the last) may be terminated through Executive action. Congress has little or no control over the process. The document says although the combined pressures of domestic opposition and international sanctions have compelled the South African government to begin to dismantle the machinery of apartheid, this process is not yet sufficiently advanced to meet the conditions articulated in the CAAA. The document discusses the de Klerk administration, F.W. de Klerk, political prisoners, security legislation designed to suppress political dissent, covert activities, Inkatha, political trials, the Krugerrand, a non-racial government, and free and fair elections.
