African Activist Archive

Contents: A Brief Chronology: Nonviolent Direct Action In South Africa • ROOTS OF THE STRUGGLE • RECENT DEVELOPMENTS • THE FUTURE OF SOUTH AFRICA • The brochure quotes Chief Albert Luthuli. The chronology begins with the British and Dutch defeating the indigenous Black population in a series of small wars (1779-1878). The British became involved in a bloody guerrilla war with the Boers (Dutch Settlers) (1899-1902). After the Boers were defeated by the British, both continued to subjugate the Black Africans and to take the land and resources that belonged to them. The 1960's brought independence to many former European colonies; African pride and self-determination were seen as part of a bright new future. With the emergence of the newly independent countries of Ghana and Nigeria, Black Africans were given more reasons to fight for human rights. The violent reaction to the Africans nonviolent protest shook the western world into paying attention. The brochure mentions the Native Labour Regulations Act, the African National Congress (ANC), the Native Land Act, Boer-owned farms, British-owned mines, World War I, Mahatma Gandhi, rights for Asians, the Johannesburg African sanitation workers strike, Rev. Z.R. Mahabane, Thomas Maphikela, the Native Affairs Commission, common voters' roll, the Representation of Natives Act, African trade unions, World War II, White South Africans, Nazism, the ANC Youth League, Dr. A.B. Xuma, the Alexandra Bus Boycott, the African Mineworkers Union, activist and actor Paul Robeson, South African gold mines, Rev. Michael Scott, farmworkers, apartheid, police, the Indian Congress, passive resistance against apartheid laws, the Bantu Education Act, children, Cato Manor, pass laws, the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), Robert Sobukwe, Sharpeville, A.J. Luthuli, Nelson Mandela, the Sabotage Bill, the Suppression of Communism Act, Herman Toivo ya Toivo, the Southwest African Peoples Organization (SWAPO), Steve Biko, the South African Students Organization (SASO), Black Consciousness Movement, the Ovambo workers strike, better wages, the color bar, the Soweto rebellion, Solomon Mahlangu, Pretoria Central Prison, Volkskas Bank, James Mange, the United Democratic Front (UDF), student and community organizations, the Nkomati Accords, the South African Council of Churches (SACC), forced removals, Bantustans, Bishop Desmond Tutu, raids in Angola and Botswana on suspected ANC bases, FOSATU (Federation of South African Trade Unions), Alan Boesak, the State of Emergency, Clergy and Laity Concerned, the American Committee on Africa (ACOA), the Washington Office on Africa (WOA), the Pan-Africanist Congress, self-determination, human rights, white rule, and the independence of Angola and Mozambique.

African Activist Archive

Roots of the Struggle

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