DEPENDENCY AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT: CONSEQUENCES OF PORTUGAL IN AFRICA

Contents: Introduction • I. Imperialism and Colonialism in Portuguese Africa • Causes and Effects • Background to an Anomaly • British Interests • U.S. Interests • South African Interests • West German Interests • French Interests • II. Forms of Colonialism • Proposition 1: Reinforcement of Dependency though Military Force, the Myth of Lusotropicology, and the Catholic Church • Military Force • Lusotropicology and the Myth of Racial Harmony • Church Control • Proposition 2: Political Discrimination • Proposition 3: Social and Cultural Suppression • Social Abuse • Intolerable Health Conditions • Education Deficiencies • The Black Exodus • Proposition 4: Economic Underdevelopment • Discriminatory Planning, Investment, and Settlement • Monopoly of Communications and Transportation • Internal Trade • External Trade • Monopoly of Credit • Monoculture • Deformation • Decapitalization • Proposition 5: Exploitation of Labor • III. An Indictment of U.S. Relations and Policy Regarding Portugal and its Colonies • The U.N. Case Against Portugal and Africa • Contradictions of U.S. Official Policy Regarding Portugal • Congressional Perspectives • Military Support through NATO • Economic Ties • Conclusion • Sources used in text • Appendix: U.S. Corporations in Angola and Mozambique • Contents of figures: Figure 1 [map of southern and central Africa] • Figure 2: Capitalist Dependency of Portugal and Portuguese Africa • Figure 3 Balance of payments of Angola and Mozambique with foreign countries (millions of escudos) • Figure 4 International balance of payments of the escudo zone (1967-68 in millions of escudos) • Figure 5 [Troops] • Figure 6 Authorized Government Expenditures, 1965-1967 • Figure 7 Trade in millions of dollars • Figure 8 Major Exports to the United States, Major Imports from the United States • Figure 8 Trade Deficit (in millions of Escudos) • The pamphlet discusses military bases in the Azores, the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, the Africa Research Group, the North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA), Gil Fernandes, the PAIGC (Partido Africano da independencia de Guine e Cabo Verde), Gerard Chaliand, Basil Davidson, the Polaroid Corporation, coffee, Premier Marcello Caetano, Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, Pol (cia Internacional e Defesa do Estado (PIDE), NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), the luxury cruiser Santa Maria, Captain Henrique Galvao, Defense Minister Fernando Santos Costa, Defense Minister Julio Botelho Moniz, Captain João Varela Gomes, Bishop of Oporto Antonio Fereira Gomes, Companhia Uniao Fabril, SACOR (Soeiedade Anonima Concessionaria da Refinacao de Petroleos em Portugal), the M. Pinto de Azevedo group, the Anglo-Portuguese Telephone Company, the National Union Party, Sena Sugar Estates, Barclays Bank, the Benguela Railroad, DIAMANG (Anglo-American Diamond Corporation), Tanganyika concessions, the Niassa Company, the Mozambique Company, the Zambezi Company, Secretary of State William Rogers, Esso Exploration Guine, Inc., Standard Oil of New Jersey, the Cabinda Gulf Oil Company, the Pentragol-Angol petroleum group, the Cassinga Mines, Texaco, Tenneco, Inc., Diamond Distributors Inc. , General Electric, General Tire and Rubber, Universal Leaf and Tobacco, Hunt International Company, Sunray Oil, Holiday Inns of America and Standard Electric, Companhia de Minerios do Ultramar, Siemens, the ZAMCO-ZAMBEZI consortium, the Cabora Bassa Dam, Gelsenkirchener Bergwerg, Companhia do Boror, Anglo-American Corporation, Societe Nationale des Petroles d' Aquitaine, Compagnie Franyaise des Petroles, MPLA (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola), Govêrno revolucionário de Angola no exílio (GRAE), Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (FRELIMO), Amilcar Cabral, the Native Statute, the New Overseas Organic Law, the Native Labor Code, and the National Development Bank.